1. Principle of the Triple-Effect Evaporator
A triple-effect evaporator utilizes the secondary steam produced by the first evaporator as the heating source for another evaporator. By controlling the pressure and boiling point of the solution within the evaporators, making them appropriately lower, the secondary steam from the first evaporator can be used for heating. The condensation area of the first evaporator serves as the heating area for the second evaporator.
A triple-effect evaporator consists of three evaporators connected in series. Low-temperature heating steam is introduced into the first effect to heat the waste liquid, generating steam that is then introduced into the second effect as heating steam. This causes the waste liquid in the second effect to evaporate at a lower temperature than the first effect. This process is repeated until the final effect. The condensed water from the first effect returns to the heat source, and the condensed water from the other effects is collected and output as desalinated water. One portion of steam input can evaporate multiple portions of water. Meanwhile, high-salinity wastewater is progressively concentrated from the first effect to the last effect, reaching supersaturation and crystallizing out in the final effect, thereby achieving solid-liquid separation of salts and wastewater. Under vacuum conditions, the secondary steam produced by the wastewater in the triple-effect forced circulation evaporator automatically enters the condenser, where it quickly converts into condensed water through cooling by circulating cooling water. The condensed water can be continuously discharged and recovered to the reuse water tank. The triple-effect crystallizer achieves higher evaporation efficiency during wastewater evaporation.
2. Application Range of the Triple-Effect Evaporator
The triple-effect evaporator can be used to treat high-salinity wastewater generated during the production processes of chemical manufacturing, food processing, pharmaceutical production, and petroleum and natural gas extraction and processing.
3. Components of the Triple-Effect Evaporator
The triple-effect evaporator mainly comprises three sets of evaporators connected in series, a condenser, a salt separator, and auxiliary equipment. These three sets of evaporators operate in series to form a triple-effect evaporator. The entire evaporation system adopts a continuous feeding and continuous discharging production method.
4. Energy Consumption of the Triple-Effect Evaporator
Generally, triple-effect evaporation consumes 0.37 to 0.46 tons of steam per ton of water evaporated.
The triple-effect evaporator features uniform steam heating and film-type liquid flow evaporation, which provide high heat transfer efficiency and short heating times. With the addition of a thermocompressor, it becomes even more energy-efficient, with lower steam consumption and reduced cooling water circulation.
5. Process Selection for the Triple-Effect Evaporator
The triple-effect evaporator can employ various forms, such as forced circulation, natural circulation, falling film, rising film, and plate evaporators. It can also utilize a combination of these forms for optimal process efficiency.
6. Flow Patterns of Triple-Effect Evaporation
The flow patterns include concurrent, countercurrent, and parallel flow configurations.
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